The goal of openalexR is to gather bibliographic metadata about publications,
authors, venues, institutions and concepts from OpenAlex using API.OpenAlex is a fully open catalog of the global research system. It’s named after the ancient Library of Alexandria. The OpenAlex dataset describes scholarly entities and how those entities are connected to each other. There are five types of entities:
Works are papers, books, datasets, etc; they cite other works
Authors are people who create works
Venues are journals and repositories that host works
Institutions are universities and other orgs that are affiliated with works (via authors)
Concepts tag Works with a topic
(source: OpenAlex website)
You can install the developer version of the openalexR from GitHub with:
install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("massimoaria/openalexR")You can install the released version of openalexR from CRAN with:
install.packages("openalexR")
library(openalexR)
The basic idea of openalexR is to provide three main functions helping the user to:
Create a query by passing one or more arguments to a function (function oaQueryBuild)
Gather a collection of entities in JSON format (function oaApiRequest)
Transform the JSON in a data frame (similar to an excel sheet) can be used as input in a bibliometric or science mapping analysis (e.g. using the bibliometrix package) (function oa2df)
OpenAlex defined a custom query language based on entity type. You can choose to write a valid query using that language or, in alternative, using the function oaQueryBuild.
oaQueryBuild generates a valid query, written following the OpenAlex API language, from a set of arguments provided by the user.
The function oaApiRequest downloads a collection of entities matching the query created by oaQueryBuild or manually written by the user. The function will return a JSON object in a list format.
Finally, the function oa2df converts the JSON object in classical bibliographic data frame.
The following paper:
Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). bibliometrix:
An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis.
Journal of informetrics, 11(4), 959-975.is associated to the OpenAlex-id W2755950973.
In this example, we need to pass a single argument to the function, that is, the identifier of the entity to download: identifier = “W2755950973”.
query_work <- oaQueryBuild(
identifier = "W2755950973",
entity = "works"
)
cat(query_work)
## https://api.openalex.org/works/W2755950973As results, oaQueryBuild returns the query string including the OpenAlex endpoint API server address. You should change it by using the argument “endpoint = address”
The function oaApiRequest downloads the bibliographic records matching the query.
res <- oaApiRequest(
query_url = query_work
)df <- oa2df(res, entity = "works")
dplyr::glimpse(df)
# Rows: 1
# Columns: 22
# $ id <chr> "https://openalex.org/W2755950973"
# $ TI <chr> "bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis"
# $ author <list> [<data.frame[2 x 10]>]
# $ AB <chr> ""
# $ pubdata <chr> "2017-11-01"
# $ relscore <dbl> 15.8851
# $ SO <chr> "Journal of Informetrics"
# $ SO_ID <chr> "https://openalex.org/V205292342"
# $ PU <chr> "Elsevier"
# $ IS <list> <"1875-5879", "1751-1577">
# $ URL <chr> "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007"
# $ OA <lgl> FALSE
# $ TC <int> 1120
# $ TCperYear <lgl> NA
# $ PY <int> 2017
# $ cited_by_url <chr> "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2755950973"
# $ ids <list> [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]]
# $ DI <chr> "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007"
# $ DT <chr> "journal-article"
# $ CR <list> <"https://openalex.org/W192816456", "https://openalex.org/W2132948308", "https://openalex.org/W349374990", "https://openalex.org/W767067438", "https://openalex.org/W2002117998", "https://openalex.org/W2034800299", "https://o…
# $ related_works <list> <"https://openalex.org/W2408216567", "https://openalex.org/W3125505924", "https://openalex.org/W2150220236", "https://openalex.org/W3125707221", "https://openalex.org/W2135455887", "https://openalex.org/W2128438887", "https:…
# $ concept <list> [<data.frame[4 x 5]>]
OpenAlex endpoint accepts an OpenAlex ID, but many external IDs (eg DOI, ISSN) are accepted as well, in several formats.
DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
We can get a publication record through its DOI using the format doi:doi identifier. Example:
query_work <- oaQueryBuild(
identifier = "doi:10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007",
entity = "works"
)
cat(query_work)
## https://api.openalex.org/works/doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007 res <- oaApiRequest(
query_url = query_work
)df <- oa2df(res, entity = "works")
dplyr::glimpse(df)
# Rows: 1
# Columns: 22
# $ id <chr> "https://openalex.org/W2755950973"
# $ TI <chr> "bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis"
# $ author <list> [<data.frame[2 x 10]>]
# $ AB <chr> ""
# $ pubdata <chr> "2017-11-01"
# $ relscore <dbl> 15.26293
# $ SO <chr> "Journal of Informetrics"
# $ SO_ID <chr> "https://openalex.org/V205292342"
# $ PU <chr> "Elsevier"
# $ IS <list> <"1875-5879", "1751-1577">
# $ URL <chr> "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007"
# $ OA <lgl> FALSE
# $ TC <int> 1120
# $ TCperYear <lgl> NA
# $ PY <int> 2017
# $ cited_by_url <chr> "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2755950973"
# $ ids <list> [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]]
# $ DI <chr> "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007"
# $ DT <chr> "journal-article"
# $ CR <list> <"https://openalex.org/W192816456", "https://openalex.org/W2132948308", "…
# $ related_works <list> <"https://openalex.org/W2408216567", "https://openalex.org/W3125505924", …
# $ concept <list> [<data.frame[4 x 5]>]Persistent Identifiers (PIDs)
Many persistent identifiers (PIDs) are canonically expressed as a URL that will take you to the thing being identified. Where these URL formats exist, OpenAlex treats them as the canonical ID, and also accepts them as valid IDs. Example:
query_work <- oaQueryBuild(
identifier = "doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007",
entity = "works"
)
cat(query_work)
## https://api.openalex.org/works/doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007 res <- oaApiRequest(
query_url = query_work
)df <- oa2df(res, entity = "works")
dplyr::glimpse(df)
# Rows: 1
# Columns: 22
# $ id <chr> "https://openalex.org/W2755950973"
# $ TI <chr> "bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis"
# $ author <list> [<data.frame[2 x 10]>]
# $ AB <chr> ""
# $ pubdata <chr> "2017-11-01"
# $ relscore <dbl> 15.26293
# $ SO <chr> "Journal of Informetrics"
# $ SO_ID <chr> "https://openalex.org/V205292342"
# $ PU <chr> "Elsevier"
# $ IS <list> <"1875-5879", "1751-1577">
# $ URL <chr> "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007"
# $ OA <lgl> FALSE
# $ TC <int> 1120
# $ TCperYear <lgl> NA
# $ PY <int> 2017
# $ cited_by_url <chr> "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2755950973"
# $ ids <list> [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]]
# $ DI <chr> "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007"
# $ DT <chr> "journal-article"
# $ CR <list> <"https://openalex.org/W192816456", "https://openalex.org/W2132948308", "…
# $ related_works <list> <"https://openalex.org/W2408216567", "https://openalex.org/W3125505924", …
# $ concept <list> [<data.frame[4 x 5]>]To download the records of two o more identifiers through a single query, we can recursively apply oaApiRequest to each id using the function lapply.
ids <- c("W2755950973","W3005144120")
res <- lapply(ids, function(x){
oaApiRequest(
query_url = oaQueryBuild(
identifier = x,
entity = "works"
)
)
})df <- oa2df(res, entity = "works")
dplyr::glimpse(df)
# Rows: 2
# Columns: 22
# $ id <chr> "https://openalex.org/W2755950973", "https://openalex.org/W3005144120"
# $ TI <chr> "bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis", "Mapping the Evolution of Social Research and Data Scien…
# $ author <list> [<data.frame[2 x 10]>], [<data.frame[3 x 10]>]
# $ AB <chr> "", "Social Indicators Research (SIR) year by year has consolidated its preeminent position in the debate concerning the study…
# $ pubdata <chr> "2017-11-01", "2020-06-01"
# $ relscore <dbl> 15.88510, 15.72882
# $ SO <chr> "Journal of Informetrics", "Social Indicators Research"
# $ SO_ID <chr> "https://openalex.org/V205292342", "https://openalex.org/V112952035"
# $ PU <chr> "Elsevier", "Springer Nature"
# $ IS <list> <"1875-5879", "1751-1577">, <"1573-0921", "0303-8300">
# $ URL <chr> "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02281-3"
# $ OA <lgl> FALSE, FALSE
# $ TC <int> 1120, 32
# $ TCperYear <lgl> NA, NA
# $ PY <int> 2017, 2020
# $ cited_by_url <chr> "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2755950973", "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3005144120"
# $ ids <list> [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]], [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]]
# $ DI <chr> "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02281-3"
# $ DT <chr> "journal-article", "journal-article"
# $ CR <list> <"https://openalex.org/W192816456", "https://openalex.org/W2132948308", "https://openalex.org/W349374990", "https://openalex.…
# $ related_works <list> <"https://openalex.org/W2408216567", "https://openalex.org/W3125505924", "https://openalex.org/W2150220236", "https://openalex…
# $ concept <list> [<data.frame[4 x 5]>], [<data.frame[8 x 5]>]The author Massimo Aria is associated to the OpenAlex-id A923435168.
query_author <- oaQueryBuild(
identifier = "A923435168",
entity = "authors")
cat(query_author)
## https://api.openalex.org/authors/A923435168 res_author <- oaApiRequest(
query_url = query_author,
total.count = FALSE,
verbose = FALSE
)df <- oa2df(res_author, entity = "authors")
dplyr::glimpse(df)
# Rows: 1
# Columns: 16
# $ id <chr> "https://openalex.org/A923435168"
# $ name <chr> "Massimo Aria"
# $ name_alternatives <lgl> NA
# $ rel_score <dbl> 16.74535
# $ ids <list> [<data.frame[4 x 2]>]
# $ orcid <chr> "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-9411"
# $ works_count <int> 102
# $ TC <int> 2525
# $ TCperYear <list> [<data.frame[11 x 3]>]
# $ affiliation_name <chr> "University of Naples Federico II"
# $ affiliation_id <chr> "https://openalex.org/I71267560"
# $ affiliation_ror <chr> "https://ror.org/05290cv24"
# $ affiliation_country <chr> "IT"
# $ affiliation_type <chr> "education"
# $ concept <list> [<data.frame[17 x 5]>]
# $ works_api_url <chr> "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A923435168"
In most cases, we are interested in downloading a collection of items that meet one or more inclusion/exclusion criteria (filters).
In this case, the query definition will not be based on a single identifier but the choice of the entity type (usually “works”) and one or more filters about this entity.
Filters narrow the list down to just entities that meet a particular condition–specifically, a particular value for a particular attribute. Supported attributes for each endpoints are listed on OpenAlex API Documentation Website.
Filters are formatted thusly: attribute:value. You set them using the ?filter query parameter. Filters are case-insensitive.
Each endpoint supports its own list of filters. Here they are, by endpoint:
/works filters
You can filter using these attributes of the Works object.
display_name.search (alias: title.search)
publication_year
publication_date
from_publication_date
to_publication_date
host_venue.issn
authorships.author.id (alias: author.id)
type
etc.
You can find more documentation about each attribute on the OA Documentation Work page.
/authors filters
You can filter using these attributes of the Authors object.
display_name.search
works_count
cited_by_count
last_known_institution.id
etc.
You can find more documentation about each attribute on the OA Documentation Author page.
/venues filters
You can filter using these attributes of the Venue object.
display_name.search
issn
works_count
cited_by_count
etc.
You can find more documentation about each attribute on the OA Documentation Venue page.
/institutions filters
You can filter using these attributes of the Institution object.
display_name.search
country_code
type
works_count
cited_by_count
x_concepts.id
You can find more documentation about each attribute on the OA Documentation Institution page.
/concepts filters
You can filter using these attributes of the Concept object. You can find more documentation about each attribute on the Concept page.
display_name.search
level
works_count
cited_by_count
ancestors.id
You can find more documentation about each attribute on the OA Documentation Concept page.
Below we show some examples of filters in use.
We want to download all works, cited more than 50 times, published between 2020 and 2021, which include the strings “bibliometric analysis” or “science mapping” in the title.
To do that, we have to set filters about three attributes: title content (“title.search”), starting date for publication (“from_publication_date”), and ending date for publication (“to_publication_date”).
Starting and ending dates can be passed to the function oaQueryBuild using the arguments date_from and date_to. The format is YYYY-MM-DD.
The other attributes can be passed to the function through the argument filter.
When an attribute has more than one item, these can be separated by the boolean operator OR represented by the symbol | .
On the contrary, different attributes have to be separated by commas.
e.g. filter = ‘title.search:“bibliometric analysis”|“science mapping”, cited_by_count:>50’
where:
means all works containing the string “bibliometric analysis” OR “science mapping” in the publication title.
and:
means all works cited more than 10 times.
The whole filter ‘title.search:“bibliometric analysis”|“science mapping”,cited_by_count:>50’
can be read as:
*"all works containing the string "bibliometric analysis" OR "science mapping"
in the publication title AND cited more than 50 times"*.query <- oaQueryBuild(
identifier=NULL,
entity = "works",
filter = 'title.search:"bibliometric analysis"|"science mapping",cited_by_count:>50',
date_from = "2020-01-01",
date_to = "2021-12-31",
search=NULL,
sort="cited_by_count:desc",
endpoint = "https://api.openalex.org/")The sort argument indicates how results have to be sorted.
In this example results are sorted by total citations in a descending order.
Setting the argument total.count=TRUE, the function oaApiRequest returns the number of items matching the query without downloading the collection.
res <- oaApiRequest(
query_url = query,
total.count = TRUE,
verbose = FALSE
)
res$count
## 235Then, we can download the collection:
res <- oaApiRequest(
query_url = query,
total.count = FALSE,
verbose = FALSE
)
## OpenAlex downloading [======================] 100% eta: 0sand transform it into a data frame:
df <- oa2df(res, entity = "works")
## converting [===============================] 100% eta: 0sdplyr::glimpse(df)
# Rows: 235
# Columns: 22
# $ id <chr> "https://openalex.org/W2755950973", "https://openalex.org/W1965746216", "https://openalex.org/W2108680868", "ht…
# $ TI <chr> "bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis", "Green supply chain management: A review …
# $ author <list> [<data.frame[2 x 10]>], [<data.frame[3 x 10]>], [<data.frame[4 x 10]>], [<data.frame[3 x 10]>], [<data.frame[2…
# $ AB <chr> "", "", "", "Social responsibilities of businesses and their managers have been discussed since the 1950s. Yet …
# $ pubdata <chr> "2017-11-01", "2015-04-01", "2011-07-01", "2005-09-01", "2007-07-11", "2015-11-01", "2012-08-01", "2015-12-01",…
# $ relscore <dbl> 454.6580, 398.4448, 373.5673, 314.2572, 303.1636, 295.9913, 279.6742, 278.5277, 251.8241, 249.3967, 243.1842, 2…
# $ SO <chr> "Journal of Informetrics", "International Journal of Production Economics", "Journal of the Association for Inf…
# $ SO_ID <chr> "https://openalex.org/V205292342", "https://openalex.org/V184816971", "https://openalex.org/V80113298", "https:…
# $ PU <chr> "Elsevier", "Elsevier", "Wiley", "SAGE", "Springer Nature", "Wiley", "Wiley", "Springer Nature", "Journal of Da…
# $ IS <list> <"1875-5879", "1751-1577">, <"0925-5273", "1873-7579">, <"1532-2882", "1532-2890">, <"0007-6503", "1552-4205">…
# $ URL <chr> "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.01.003", "https://doi.org/10.…
# $ OA <lgl> FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, NA, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE, NA, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, NA, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE…
# $ TC <int> 1120, 720, 829, 656, 272, 652, 377, 401, 316, 280, 209, 136, 76, 209, 300, 313, 227, 164, 179, 172, 115, 125, 1…
# $ TCperYear <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,…
# $ PY <int> 2017, 2015, 2011, 2005, 2007, 2015, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2009, 2016, 2005, 2014, 2004, 2011, 2007, 2017, 2008, 201…
# $ cited_by_url <chr> "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2755950973", "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W196574…
# $ ids <list> [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]], [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]], [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]], [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]], [[<data.fr…
# $ DI <chr> "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.01.003", "https://doi.org/10.…
# $ DT <chr> "journal-article", "journal-article", "journal-article", "journal-article", "journal-article", "journal-article…
# $ CR <list> <"https://openalex.org/W192816456", "https://openalex.org/W2132948308", "https://openalex.org/W349374990", "ht…
# $ related_works <list> <"https://openalex.org/W2408216567", "https://openalex.org/W3125505924", "https://openalex.org/W2150220236", "…
# $ concept <list> [<data.frame[4 x 5]>], [<data.frame[8 x 5]>], [<data.frame[4 x 5]>], [<data.frame[8 x 5]>], [<data.frame[9 x 5…
We can download all publications citing another publication by using the filter attribute cites:id.
For example, if we want to download all publications citing the article Aria and Cuccurullo (2017), we have just to set the argument filter as:
filter = “cites:W2755950973”
where “W2755950973” is the OA id for the article by Aria and Cuccurullo.
query1 <- oaQueryBuild(
identifier=NULL,
entity = "works",
filter = "cites:W2755950973",
date_from = NULL,
date_to = NULL,
sort=NULL)
res1 <- oaApiRequest(
query_url = query1,
total.count = TRUE,
verbose = FALSE
)This query will return a collection of:
cat(res1$count, "publications")
## 1094 publicationsLet’s to download it:
res1 <- oaApiRequest(
query_url = query1,
total.count = FALSE,
verbose = FALSE
)
# OpenAlex downloading [=====================] 100% eta: 0sAnd then to convert it into a data frame:
df <- oa2df(res, entity = "works")
# converting [===============================] 100% eta: 0sdplyr::glimpse(df)
# Rows: 1,094
# Columns: 22
# $ id <chr> "https://openalex.org/W4206700957", "https://openalex.org/W3215846996", "https://openalex.org/W3167593369", "ht…
# $ TI <chr> "Developing metrics for emerging technologies: identification and assessment", "20 years after To Err Is Human:…
# $ author <list> [<data.frame[5 x 10]>], [<data.frame[4 x 10]>], [<data.frame[5 x 10]>], [<data.frame[7 x 10]>], [<data.frame[3…
# $ AB <chr> "• current research topics in the field of emerging technologies • direction of future research in the field of…
# $ pubdata <chr> "2022-03-01", "2022-03-01", "2022-03-01", "2022-02-15", "2022-02-01", "2022-01-26", "2022-01-25", "2022-01-24",…
# $ relscore <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,…
# $ SO <chr> "Technological Forecasting and Social Change", "Safety Science", "International Transactions in Operational Res…
# $ SO_ID <chr> "https://openalex.org/V39307421", "https://openalex.org/V123149298", "https://openalex.org/V267729", "https://o…
# $ PU <chr> "Elsevier", "Elsevier", "Wiley", "Elsevier", "Elsevier", NA, NA, "Springer Nature", "Taylor & Francis", "Spring…
# $ IS <list> <"0040-1625", "1873-5509">, <"1879-1042", "0925-7535">, <"1475-3995", "0969-6016">, <"1873-3336", "0304-3894">…
# $ URL <chr> "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121456", "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S09257…
# $ OA <lgl> NA, NA, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, NA, TRUE, NA, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, NA…
# $ TC <int> NA, 0, 3, 0, 0, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,…
# $ TCperYear <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,…
# $ PY <int> 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 202…
# $ cited_by_url <chr> "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4206700957", "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W321584…
# $ ids <list> [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]], [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]], [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]], [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]], [[<data.fr…
# $ DI <chr> "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121456", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105593", "https://doi.or…
# $ DT <chr> "journal-article", "journal-article", "journal-article", "journal-article", "journal-article", "journal-article…
# $ CR <list> <"https://openalex.org/W2105822516", "https://openalex.org/W2787955605", "https://openalex.org/W2135455887", "…
# $ related_works <list> "https://openalex.org/W2791453970", <NULL>, <"https://openalex.org/W2510274029", "https://openalex.org/W226895…
# $ concept <list> [<data.frame[5 x 5]>], <NULL>, [<data.frame[6 x 5]>], [<data.frame[12 x 5]>], [<data.frame[4 x 5]>], [<data.fr…
We want download all authors’ records of scholars who work at the University of Naples Federico II (OpenAlex ID: I71267560) and who have published more than 499 works:
query_author <- oaQueryBuild(
identifier = NULL,
entity = "authors",
filter = "last_known_institution.id:I71267560,works_count:>499")
Check how many records match the query:
res <- oaApiRequest(query_url = query_author,
total.count = TRUE,
verbose=FALSE)
res$count
## 34Then, we download and convert the collection:
res <- oaApiRequest(query_url = query_author,
total.count = FALSE,
verbose=FALSE)
df <- oa2df(res, entity = "authors")
dplyr::glimpse(df)
# Rows: 34
# Columns: 16
# $ id <chr> "https://openalex.org/A2061787601", "https://openalex.org/A2163747539", "https://openalex.org/A3088886425…
# $ name <chr> "Luca Lista", "Crisostomo Sciacca", "Alberto Aloisio", "Alberto Orso Maria Iorio", "Leonardo Merola", "Sa…
# $ name_alternatives <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, N…
# $ rel_score <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, N…
# $ ids <list> [<data.frame[3 x 2]>], [<data.frame[3 x 2]>], [<data.frame[3 x 2]>], [<data.frame[3 x 2]>], [<data.frame…
# $ orcid <chr> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6471-5492", "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-4072", "https://orcid.org/0000…
# $ works_count <int> 2538, 2230, 1506, 1165, 1119, 1055, 1025, 995, 965, 933, 921, 792, 780, 774, 769, 758, 743, 743, 740, 717…
# $ TC <int> 97989, 60833, 77894, 67649, 46274, 34562, 27109, 39599, 47609, 21869, 39123, 60080, 16636, 47579, 42042, …
# $ TCperYear <list> [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<data.f…
# $ affiliation_name <chr> "University of Naples Federico II", "University of Naples Federico II", "University of Naples Federico II…
# $ affiliation_id <chr> "https://openalex.org/I71267560", "https://openalex.org/I71267560", "https://openalex.org/I71267560", "ht…
# $ affiliation_ror <chr> "https://ror.org/05290cv24", "https://ror.org/05290cv24", "https://ror.org/05290cv24", "https://ror.org/0…
# $ affiliation_country <chr> "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT…
# $ affiliation_type <chr> "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "…
# $ concept <list> [<data.frame[28 x 5]>], [<data.frame[23 x 5]>], [<data.frame[46 x 5]>], [<data.frame[35 x 5]>], [<data.f…
# $ works_api_url <chr> "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A2061787601", "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=aut…
We want download all records regarding Italian institutions (country_code:it) that are classified as educational (type:education):
query_inst <- oaQueryBuild(
entity = "institutions",
filter = "country_code:it,type:education")
We check how many records match the query:
res <- oaApiRequest(query_url = query_inst,
total.count = TRUE,
verbose=TRUE)
res$count
## 231Then we download and convert the collection:
res <- oaApiRequest(query_url = query_inst,
total.count = FALSE,
verbose=TRUE)
df <- oa2df(res, entity = "institutions")
dplyr::glimpse(df)
# Rows: 231
# Columns: 20
# $ id <chr> "https://openalex.org/I861853513", "https://openalex.org/I189158943", "https://openalex.org/I9360294", "ht…
# $ name <chr> "Sapienza University of Rome", "University of Milan", "University of Bologna", "University of Padua", "Uni…
# $ name_alternatives <list> "Università degli Studi di Roma \"La Sapienza\"", "Statale", NA, "Università di Padova", "UniFI", NA, NA,…
# $ name_acronyms <list> NA, "UNIMI", "UNIBO", "UNIPD", NA, "UNITO", "UniPi", NA, NA, "UniGe", "UNIPV", NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, "U…
# $ name_international <list> [<data.frame[1 x 84]>], [<data.frame[1 x 59]>], [<data.frame[1 x 99]>], [<data.frame[1 x 78]>], [<data.fr…
# $ ror <chr> "https://ror.org/02be6w209", "https://ror.org/00wjc7c48", "https://ror.org/01111rn36", "https://ror.org/00…
# $ ids <list> [<data.frame[6 x 2]>], [<data.frame[6 x 2]>], [<data.frame[6 x 2]>], [<data.frame[6 x 2]>], [<data.frame[…
# $ country <chr> "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT", "IT"…
# $ geo <list> [<data.frame[1 x 7]>], [<data.frame[1 x 7]>], [<data.frame[1 x 7]>], [<data.frame[1 x 7]>], [<data.frame[…
# $ type <chr> "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "e…
# $ homepage <chr> "http://www.uniroma1.it/", "http://www.unimi.it/ENG/", "http://www.unibo.it/en/homepage", "https://www.uni…
# $ image <chr> "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/45/Sapienza_University_of_Rome.png", "https://upload.wikimedi…
# $ thumbnail <chr> "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Sapienza_University_of_Rome.png/83px-Sapienza_Univer…
# $ associated_inst <list> [<data.frame[1 x 24]>], [<data.frame[1 x 12]>], [<data.frame[1 x 12]>], [<data.frame[1 x 12]>], [<data.fr…
# $ rel_score <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
# $ works_count <int> 170399, 155881, 127161, 124356, 87214, 86939, 78857, 74975, 62800, 59244, 58427, 55810, 48666, 48050, 4484…
# $ TC <int> 12295727, 12148721, 10608296, 10126781, 6064970, 7184436, 6238824, 5442312, 2437364, 4395213, 4426608, 426…
# $ TCperYear <list> [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<data.fr…
# $ concept <list> [<data.frame[13 x 5]>], [<data.frame[10 x 5]>], [<data.frame[12 x 5]>], [<data.frame[14 x 5]>], [<data.fr…
# $ works_api_url <chr> "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=institutions.id:I861853513", "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter…
We want download all records regarding journals that have published more than 100,000 works:
query_venue <- oaQueryBuild(
entity = "venues",
filter = "works_count:>100000")
We check how many records match the query:
res <- oaApiRequest(query_url = query_venue,
total.count = TRUE,
verbose=TRUE)
res$count
## 41Then we download and convert the collection:
res <- oaApiRequest(query_url = query_venue,
total.count = FALSE,
verbose=TRUE)
df <- oa2df(res, entity="venues")
dplyr::glimpse(df)
# Rows: 41
# Columns: 15
# $ id <chr> "https://openalex.org/V2751751161", "https://openalex.org/V3121261024", "https://openalex.org/V41354064", "http…
# $ name <chr> "Social Science Research Network", "Research Papers in Economics", "ChemInform", "Lecture Notes in Computer Sci…
# $ publisher <chr> NA, NA, "Wiley", NA, "BMJ", "Public Library of Science", "Springer Nature", "Elsevier", NA, "American Associati…
# $ issn <list> NA, NA, <"1431-5890", "0931-7597", "1522-2667">, <"1611-3349", "0302-9743">, "0959-8138", "1932-6203", <"1476-…
# $ issn_l <list> NA, NA, "0931-7597", "0302-9743", "0959-8138", "1932-6203", "0028-0836", "0140-6736", "0003-0503", "0036-8075"…
# $ is_oa <lgl> NA, NA, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, NA, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, NA, TRUE, FALSE, F…
# $ is_in_doaj <lgl> NA, NA, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, NA, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, NA, TRUE, FALSE, …
# $ ids <list> [<data.frame[2 x 2]>], [<data.frame[2 x 2]>], [<data.frame[6 x 2]>], [<data.frame[5 x 2]>], [<data.frame[4 x 2…
# $ homepage <chr> "http://www.ssrn.com/", "http://www.repec.org/", NA, "http://www.springer.com/lncs", "http://www.bmj.com/thebmj…
# $ rel_score <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,…
# $ works_count <int> 876560, 791035, 727829, 492176, 293439, 281416, 268358, 238844, 238230, 221709, 205392, 195400, 194314, 157804,…
# $ TC <int> 3232676, 2929586, 251764, 5719698, 3508157, 6554607, 19013848, 6953795, 25496, 16332877, 6949261, 14653679, 111…
# $ TCperYear <list> [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<data.frame[10 x 3]>], [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<data.frame[1…
# $ concept <list> [<data.frame[10 x 5]>], [<data.frame[11 x 5]>], [<data.frame[11 x 5]>], [<data.frame[11 x 5]>], [<data.frame[9…
# $ works_api_url <chr> "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=host_venue.id:V2751751161", "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=host_…
We want to download the records of all the concepts that concern at least one million works:
query_concept <- oaQueryBuild(
entity = "concepts",
filter = "works_count:>1000000")We check how many records match the query:
res <- oaApiRequest(query_url = query_concept,
total.count = TRUE,
verbose=TRUE)
res$count
## 112Then we download and convert the collection:
res <- oaApiRequest(query_url = query_concept,
total.count = FALSE,
verbose=TRUE)
df <- oa2df(res, entity="concepts")
dplyr::glimpse(df)
# Rows: 112
# Columns: 17
# $ id <chr> "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "https://openalex.org/C18559268…
# $ name <chr> "Medicine", "Computer science", "Chemistry", "Political science", "Materials science", "Biology", "…
# $ name_international <list> [<data.frame[1 x 193]>], [<data.frame[1 x 184]>], [<data.frame[1 x 243]>], [<data.frame[1 x 127]>]…
# $ description <chr> "field of study for diagnosing, treating and preventing disease", "theoretical study of the formal …
# $ description_international <list> [<data.frame[1 x 44]>], [<data.frame[1 x 38]>], [<data.frame[1 x 66]>], [<data.frame[1 x 34]>], [<…
# $ wikidata <chr> "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "https://www.wikida…
# $ level <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, …
# $ ids <list> [<data.frame[5 x 2]>], [<data.frame[5 x 2]>], [<data.frame[5 x 2]>], [<data.frame[5 x 2]>], [<data…
# $ image <chr> "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Asklepios.3.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.or…
# $ thumbnail <chr> "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Asklepios.3.jpg/66px-Asklepios.3.jpg", "…
# $ ancestors <list> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, [<data.frame[1 x 4]>], [<data.frame[2 x 4]>], NA, NA, NA, NA, …
# $ rel_concepts <list> [<data.frame[51 x 5]>], [<data.frame[93 x 5]>], [<data.frame[75 x 5]>], [<data.frame[30 x 5]>], [<…
# $ rel_score <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,…
# $ works_count <int> 38212152, 27325984, 20878571, 18779901, 18307811, 14944984, 14915488, 13658404, 12763237, 12194186,…
# $ TC <int> 424256175, 230387386, 360713464, 49635741, 215259063, 338109876, 157672135, 13719028, 61920457, 199…
# $ TCperYear <list> [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<data.frame[11 x 3]>], [<…
# $ works_api_url <chr> "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=concepts.id:C71924100", "https://api.openalex.org/works?filt…The bibliometrix R-package (https://www.bibliometrix.org) provides a set of tools for quantitative research in bibliometrics and scientometrics. It is written in the R language, which is an open-source environment and ecosystem.
Today it represents one of the most used science mapping software in the world. In a recent survey on bibliometric analysis tools, Moral-Muñoz et al. (2020) wrote: “At this moment, maybe Bibliometrix and its Shiny platform contain the more extensive set of techniques implemented, and together with the easiness of its interface, could be a great software for practitioners”.
The function oa2bibliometrix converts a bibliographic data frame of works into a bibliometrix object. This object can be used as input collection of a science mapping workflow.
query1 <- oaQueryBuild(
identifier=NULL,
entity = "works",
filter = "cites:W2755950973",
date_from = "2022-01-01",
date_to = "2022-03-31",
sort=NULL)
res1 <- oaApiRequest(
query_url = query1,
total.count = TRUE,
verbose = FALSE
)This query will return a collection of:
cat(res1$count, "publications")
## 166 publicationsLet’s to download it:
res1 <- oaApiRequest(
query_url = query1,
total.count = FALSE,
verbose = FALSE
)Convert it into a data frame:
df <- oa2df(res1, entity = "works")and then into a bibliometrix object:
M <- oa2bibliometrix(df)
dplyr::glimpse(M)
# Rows: 166
# Columns: 37
# $ AU <chr> "CHENG WANG;TAO LV;RONGJIANG CAI;JIANFENG XU;LIYA WANG", "GIANLUCA ELIA;VALERIA STEFANEL…
# $ RP <chr> "SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT, CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY, XUZHOU 2…
# $ C1 <chr> "SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT, CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY, XUZHOU 2…
# $ AU_UN <chr> "CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY;CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY;CHI…
# $ AU_CO <chr> "CHINA;CHINA;CHINA;CHINA;NA", "ITALY;NA;NA", "SOUTH KOREA;SOUTH KOREA;NA;NA;SOUTH KOREA;…
# $ ID <chr> "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", …
# $ id_url <chr> "https://openalex.org/W4220662981", "https://openalex.org/W4220731660", "https://openale…
# $ TI <chr> "BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITION RESEARCH"…
# $ author <list> [<data.frame[5 x 10]>], [<data.frame[3 x 10]>], [<data.frame[6 x 10]>], [<data.frame[3 …
# $ AB <chr> "THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE (MLP) IS A PROMINENT FRAMEWORK FOR TRANSITION RESEARCH. HOW…
# $ pubdata <chr> "2022-03-31", "2022-03-31", "2022-03-31", "2022-03-29", "2022-03-29", "2022-03-29", "202…
# $ SO <chr> "SUSTAINABILITY", "EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT", "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF…
# $ SO_ID <chr> "https://openalex.org/V10134376", "https://openalex.org/V90149737", "https://openalex.or…
# $ PU <chr> "MDPI AG", "Emerald (MCB UP)", "MDPI AG", "Emerald (MCB UP)", "Frontiers Media SA", "MDP…
# $ IS <list> "2071-1050", <"1460-1060", "1758-7115">, <"1661-7827", "1660-4601">, <"1758-4094", "146…
# $ URL <chr> "https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074145", "https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-12-2021-0608", "http…
# $ first_page <chr> "4145", NA, "4165", NA, NA, "1073", "1082", NA, NA, NA, "1697", "796", NA, NA, NA, NA, N…
# $ last_page <chr> "4145", NA, "4165", NA, NA, "1073", "1082", NA, NA, NA, "1697", "796", NA, NA, NA, NA, N…
# $ volume <chr> "14", NA, "19", NA, NA, "14", "14", NA, NA, NA, "14", "12", NA, NA, "ahead-of-print", NA…
# $ issue <chr> "7", NA, "7", NA, NA, "7", "7", NA, NA, NA, "7", "4", NA, NA, "ahead-of-print", NA, NA, …
# $ OA <lgl> TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, T…
# $ TC <int> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
# $ TCperYear <list> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,…
# $ PY <int> 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022…
# $ cited_by_url <chr> "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4220662981", "https://api.openalex.org/wor…
# $ ids <list> [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]], [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]], [[<data.frame[4 x 2]>]], [[<data.fram…
# $ DI <chr> "https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074145", "https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-12-2021-0608", "http…
# $ DT <chr> "JOURNAL-ARTICLE", "JOURNAL-ARTICLE", "JOURNAL-ARTICLE", "JOURNAL-ARTICLE", "JOURNAL-ART…
# $ CR <chr> "https://openalex.org/W1902979073;https://openalex.org/W2571401218;https://openalex.org/…
# $ related_works <list> <"https://openalex.org/W2578464", "https://openalex.org/W10946432", "https://openalex.o…
# $ concept <list> <NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>,…
# $ id_oa <chr> "W4220662981", "W4220731660", "W4220971062", "W4220712303", "W4220875257", "W4220962167"…
# $ DB <chr> "openalex", "openalex", "openalex", "openalex", "openalex", "openalex", "openalex", "ope…
# $ JI <chr> "V10134376", "V90149737", "V15239247", "V20489460", "V2597052008", "V134216166", "V13421…
# $ J9 <chr> "V10134376", "V90149737", "V15239247", "V20489460", "V2597052008", "V134216166", "V13421…
# $ SR_FULL <chr> "CHENG WANG, 2022, V10134376", "GIANLUCA ELIA, 2022, V90149737", "BO-YOUNG YOUN, 2022, V…
# $ SR <chr> "CHENG WANG, 2022, V10134376", "GIANLUCA ELIA, 2022, V90149737", "BO-YOUNG YOUN, 2022, V…