Examples from the slendr paper

save_pdf <- FALSE # only save PDFs on a local machine
sequence_scaling <- 10 # modify to get around GitHub actions "Killed"

suppressPackageStartupMessages({
  library(slendr)

  library(dplyr)
  library(ggplot2)
  library(purrr)
  library(tidyr)
  library(cowplot)
  library(forcats)
})

SEED <- 42
set.seed(SEED)
# placeholder "figure" where a code chunk will be pasted
p_code <- ggplot() +
  geom_text(aes(x = 1, y = 1), label = "code will be here") +
  theme_void()

Example 1 (Figure 2)

Script from panel A

o <- population("o", time = 1, N = 100)
c <- population("c", time = 2500, N = 100, parent = o)
a <- population("a", time = 2800, N = 100, parent = c)
b <- population("b", time = 3700, N = 100, parent = a)
x1 <- population("x1", time = 4000, N = 15000, parent = c)
x2 <- population("x2", time = 4300, N = 15000, parent = x1)

gf <- gene_flow(from = b, to = x1, start = 5400, end = 5800, 0.1)

model <- compile_model(
  populations = list(o, a, b, c, x1, x2), gene_flow = gf,
  generation_time = 1, simulation_length = 6000
)

plot_model(model, sizes = FALSE, proportions = TRUE)

ts <- msprime(model, sequence_length = 100e6 / sequence_scaling, recombination_rate = 1e-8,
              random_seed = SEED) %>%
  ts_mutate(mutation_rate = 1e-8)

samples <- ts_samples(ts) %>% group_by(pop) %>% sample_n(100)

divergence <- ts_divergence(ts, split(samples$name, samples$pop))

f4ratio <- ts_f4ratio(
  ts, X = filter(samples, pop %in% c("x1", "x2"))$name,
  A = "a_1", B = "b_1", C = "c_1", O = "o_1"
)

Complementary SLiM run from the same model

ts_slim <- slim(model, sequence_length = 100e6 / sequence_scaling, recombination_rate = 1e-8, random_seed = SEED) %>%
  ts_mutate(mutation_rate = 1e-8)

divergence_slim <- ts_divergence(ts_slim, split(samples$name, samples$pop))

f4ratio_slim <- ts_f4ratio(
  ts_slim, X = filter(samples, pop %in% c("x1", "x2"))$name,
  A = "a_1", B = "b_1", C = "c_1", O = "o_1"
)

Plotting code

divergence_both <- bind_rows(
  divergence %>% mutate(backend = "msprime"),
  divergence_slim %>% mutate(backend = "SLiM")
) %>%
  mutate(pair = paste(x, "-", y))

f4ratio_both <- bind_rows(
  f4ratio %>% mutate(backend = "msprime"),
  f4ratio_slim %>% mutate(backend = "SLiM")
) %>% mutate(population = gsub("^(.*)_.*$", "\\1", X), alpha = alpha * 100)

p_ex1_divergence <- divergence_both %>%
  ggplot(aes(fct_reorder(pair, divergence), color = backend, shape = backend, divergence)) +
  geom_point(size = 3) +
  xlab("population pair") + ylab("pairwise divergence") +
  theme_minimal() +
  scale_alpha_manual(values = c(1, 0.25)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("black", "darkgray")) +
  guides(shape = guide_legend("slendr simulation engine used:"),
         color = guide_legend("slendr simulation engine used:",
                              override.aes = list(size = 3))) +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom",
        legend.text = element_text(size = 10),
        axis.text.x = element_text(hjust = 1, angle = 45, size = 9),
        axis.title.x = element_blank())

p_ex1_f4ratio <- f4ratio_both %>%
  ggplot(aes(population, alpha)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = 2) +
  geom_jitter(aes(color = backend, shape = backend), alpha = 0.75,
              position = position_jitterdodge(jitter.width = 0.25)) +
  ylab(base::expression(italic("f")[4]~"-ratio ancestry proportion [%]")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("black", "darkgray")) +
  theme_minimal() +
  coord_cartesian(ylim = c(0, 20)) +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        axis.text.x = element_text(size = 11),
        axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        panel.grid.major.x = element_blank())#; p_ex3_f4ratio

# let's avoid ggpubr as another dependency:
# https://github.com/kassambara/ggpubr/blob/master/R/as_ggplot.R#L27
p_ex1_legend <- ggdraw() + draw_grob(grid::grobTree(get_legend(p_ex1_divergence)))

p_ex1_model <- plot_model(model, sizes = FALSE, proportions = TRUE)

p_ex1 <- plot_grid(
  p_code,
  plot_grid(
    p_ex1_model,
    plot_grid(
      p_ex1_divergence + theme(legend.position = "none"),
      p_ex1_f4ratio,
      ncol = 2, rel_widths = c(1, 0.8), labels = c("C", "D")
    ),
    p_ex1_legend, nrow = 3, rel_heights = c(1, 1, 0.1),
    labels = "B"
  ),
  nrow = 1, labels = c("A", "")
)

p_ex1

Example 2 (Figure 3)

Script from panel A

map <- world(xrange = c(0, 10), yrange = c(0, 10),
             landscape = region(center = c(5, 5), radius = 5))

p1 <- population("pop1", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 0)
p2 <- population("pop2", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 9)
p3 <- population("pop3", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 6)
p4 <- population("pop4", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 5)
p5 <- population("pop5", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 4)
p6 <- population("pop6", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 3)
p7 <- population("pop7", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 2)
p8 <- population("pop8", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 1)

model <- compile_model(
  populations = list(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8),
  generation_time = 1, simulation_length = 5000, resolution = 0.1,
  mating = 0.1, dispersal = 0.05
)

ts <- slim(model, sequence_length = 10e6 / sequence_scaling, recombination_rate = 1e-8, verbose = TRUE) %>%
  ts_simplify() %>%
  ts_mutate(mutation_rate = 1e-7)

locations <- ts_nodes(ts) %>% filter(time == max(time))

heterozygosity <- ts_samples(ts) %>%
  group_by(pop) %>%
  sample_n(100) %>%
  mutate(pi = ts_diversity(ts, name)$diversity)

Plotting code

locations <- ts_nodes(ts) %>% filter(time == max(time))

p_ex2_clustering <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = map) +
  geom_sf(data = locations, aes(color = pop), size = 0.05, alpha = 0.25) +
  facet_grid(. ~ pop, switch = "x") +
  xlab("spatial distributions emerged in the simulation") +
  theme(
    strip.background = element_blank(),
    strip.text = element_text(size = 11),
    panel.grid = element_blank(),
    axis.ticks = element_blank(),
    axis.text = element_blank(),
    panel.background = element_blank()
  ) +
  guides(color = "none")

p_ex2_diversity <- ggplot(heterozygosity, aes(pop, pi, color = pop)) +
  geom_violin(color = "black") +
  geom_jitter(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(y = "individual heterozygosity") +
  guides(color = "none") +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_blank(), panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
        plot.margin = margin(t = 0.2, r = 0.2, b = -0.1, l = 0.2, "cm"))

p_ex2 <- plot_grid(
  p_code,
  plot_grid(
    p_ex2_diversity,
    p_ex2_clustering +
      theme(plot.margin = margin(t = 0, r = 0.4, b = 0, l = 1.8, "cm")),
    nrow = 2,
    rel_heights = c(1, 0.5),
    labels = c("B", "C")
  ),
  nrow = 2, labels = c("A", ""), rel_heights = c(1.5, 1)
)

p_ex2

Example 3 (Figure 4)

Script from panel A

map <- world(xrange = c(-15, 60), yrange = c(20, 65), crs = 3035)

R1 <- region(
  "EHG range", map,
  polygon = list(c(26, 55), c(38, 53), c(48, 53), c(60, 53),
                 c(60, 60), c(48, 63), c(38, 63), c(26, 60))
)
R2 <- region(
  "Europe", map,
  polygon = list(
    c(-8, 35), c(-5, 36), c(10, 38), c(20, 35), c(25, 35),
    c(33, 45), c(20, 58), c(-5, 60), c(-15, 50)
  )
)
R3 <- region(
  "Anatolia", map,
  polygon = list(c(28, 35), c(40, 35), c(42, 40),
                 c(30, 43), c(27, 40), c(25, 38))
)
R4 <- join(R2, R3)
R5 <- region(
  "YAM range", map,
  polygon = list(c(26, 50), c(38, 49), c(48, 50),
                 c(48, 56), c(38, 59), c(26, 56))
)

ooa_trajectory <- list(c(40, 30), c(50, 30), c(60, 40), c(45, 55))
map <- world(xrange = c(-15, 60), yrange = c(20, 65), crs = 3035)
 
ooa <- population(
  "OOA", time = 50000, N = 500, remove = 23000,
   map = map, center = c(33, 30), radius = 400e3
) %>%
  move(trajectory = ooa_trajectory, start = 50000, end = 40000, snapshots = 30)

ehg <- population(
  "EHG", time = 28000, N = 1000, parent = ooa, remove = 6000,
  map = map, polygon = R1
)

eur <- population(
  "EUR", time = 30000, N = 2000, parent = ooa,
  map = map, polygon = R2
) %>%
  resize(N = 10000, time = 5000, end = 0, how = "exponential")

ana <- population(
  "ANA", time = 25000, N = 4000, parent = ooa, remove = 3000,
  map = map, polygon = R3
) %>%
  expand_range(by = 3e6, start = 10000, end = 7000, polygon = R4, snapshots = 15)

yam <- population(
  "YAM", time = 7000, N = 600, parent = ehg, remove = 2500,
  map = m, polygon = R5
) %>%
  move(trajectory = list(c(15, 50)), start = 5000, end = 3000, snapshots = 10)

gf <- list(
  gene_flow(ana, to = yam, rate = 0.5, start = 6500, end = 5000),
  gene_flow(ana, to = eur, rate = 0.6, start = 8000, end = 6000),
  gene_flow(yam, to = eur, rate = 0.7, start = 3500, end = 3000)
)

model <- compile_model(
  populations = list(ooa, ehg, eur, ana, yam), gene_flow = gf,
  generation_time = 30, resolution = 10e3,
  competition = 130e3, mating = 100e3,
  dispersal = 70e3,
)

samples <- schedule_sampling(
  model, times = seq(0, 50000, by = 1000),
  list(ehg, 20), list(ana, 20), list(yam, 20), list(eur, 20)
)

plot_model(model, sizes = FALSE)
plot_map(model)

ts <- slim(
  model, burnin = 200000, samples = samples, random_seed = SEED,
  sequence_length = 200000, recombination_rate = 1e-8
)

Plotting code

p_map <- plot_map(model) +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
  guides(alpha = "none")

p_ex3 <- plot_grid(
  p_code,
  plot_grid(
    plot_model(model, sizes = FALSE),
    p_map,
    labels = c("B", "C"), nrow = 2, rel_heights = c(1, 1)
  ),
  ncol = 2, labels = c("A", ""), rel_widths = c(1, 1.2)
)

p_ex3

Example 4 (Figure 5)

Script from panel A

ts_small <- ts_simplify(ts, c("EUR_599", "ANA_322", "EHG_7", 
                              "EUR_578", "EUR_501", "YAM_30"))

tree <- ts_phylo(ts_small, i = 10)
#> Starting checking the validity of tree...
#> Found number of tips: n = 12 
#> Found number of nodes: m = 11 
#> Done.
nodes <- ts_nodes(tree)
edges <- ts_edges(tree)

ancestors <- ts_ancestors(ts, "EUR_599")

Plotting code

library(ggtree)

# prepare annotation table for ggtree linking R phylo node ID (not tskit integer
# ID!) of each node with its population name
df <- as_tibble(nodes) %>% select(node = phylo_id, pop)

highlight_nodes <- as_tibble(nodes) %>% dplyr::filter(name == "EUR_599") %>% .$phylo_id
p_tree <- ggtree(tree, aes(color = pop, fill = pop)) %<+% df +
  geom_tiplab(align = TRUE, geom = "label", offset = 2000,
              color = "white", fontface = "bold", size = 3) +
  geom_tiplab(align = TRUE, geom = NULL, linetype = "dotted", size = 0) +
  geom_point2(aes(subset = (node %in% highlight_nodes)), color = "black", size = 3) +
  geom_label2(aes(label = label, subset = !isTip),
              color = "black", size = 3) +
  theme_tree2() +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("time before present [years ago]") +
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(-55000, 22000), labels = abs,
                     breaks = -c(60, 40, 20, 0) * 1000)
p_tree <- revts(p_tree)

p_map <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = map) +
  geom_sf(data = edges, aes(color = parent_pop), size = 0.5) +
  geom_sf(data = filter(nodes, is.na(name)),
          aes(color = pop, shape = pop), size = 5) +
  geom_sf_label(data = nodes[!nodes$sampled, ],
                aes(label = node_id, fill = pop), size = 3) +
  geom_sf_label(data = nodes[nodes$sampled, ],
                aes(label = node_id, fill = pop), size = 3,
                fontface = "bold", color = "white") +
  coord_sf(xlim = c(4047066.1, 8688656.9),
           ylim = c(757021.7, 4972983.3), expand = 0) +
  labs(x = "longitude", y = "latitude") +
  guides(fill = guide_legend("", override.aes = aes(label = ""))) +
  guides(color = "none", shape = "none") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom")

chrom_names <- stats::setNames(
  c("EUR_599 (chromosome 1, node 10)", "EUR_599 (chromosome 2, node 11)"),
  unique(ancestors$node_id)
)

p_ancestors <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = map) +
  geom_sf(data = ancestors, size = 0.5, aes(alpha = parent_time)) +
  geom_sf(data = sf::st_set_geometry(ancestors, "parent_location"),
          aes(shape = parent_pop, color = parent_pop)) +
  geom_sf(data = filter(ts_nodes(ts), name == "EUR_599"), size = 3) +
  coord_sf(expand = 0) +
  labs(x = "longitude", y = "latitude") +
  theme_bw() +
  facet_grid(. ~ node_id, labeller = labeller(node_id = chrom_names)) +
  theme(legend.position = "none")

p_legend <- ggdraw() + draw_grob(grid::grobTree(get_legend(p_map)))

p_ex4 <- plot_grid(
  p_code,
  plot_grid(p_tree + theme(legend.position = "none"),
            p_map + theme(legend.position = "none"),
            labels = c("B", "C")),
  p_ancestors,
  p_legend,
  labels = c("A", "", "D", ""),
  nrow = 4, rel_heights = c(0.5, 1, 1, 0.1)
)

p_ex4